Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME

Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME

Numerical simulation of direct injection homogenous charge combustion ignition engines with natural gas and diesel fuel

Authors
Alireza Saatchi Nowbari
Korosh Atarian
Masood Yahyaei
Amin Mirzamohammad
Hosein Ghomashi
Abstract
Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines are new ideas for decreasing the fuel consumption in Compression Ignition engines. Due to regulations imposed on products regarding pollutants, numerous researches have been done on aforementioned engines as alternative engines to the routine diesel engines. Having utilized 3D CFD modeling, we have considered primarily combustion of homogenous diesel charge and then dual fuel combustion has been taken into account, noting that Diesel fuel is directly injected. In dual fuel, Methane is sucked in the cylinder as a mixed charge with air while diesel fuel is injected as said before. Results suggest that inlet temperature has a crucial role in vaporizing the liquid fuel and improvements in combustion. Meanwhile, in dual fuel combustion by reducing the inlet temperature and charging more Gas fuel inside the cylinder, not only the efficiency and the power increases but also pollutants stay at an acceptable level concerning the regulations and standards.
 
Keywords
HCCI engine
Dual fuel
Direct injection
Diesel
Methane
[1]    Heywood, J.B., "Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals", McGraw Hill, New York, (1988).
 
[2]    Eichlseder, H., and Wimmer, A., “Potential of IC-engines as Minimum Emission Propulsion System”, Atmos. Environ. Vol. 37, pp. 5227–5236, (2003).
 
[3]    Kiely, G., "Environmental Engineering", McGraw-Hill, New York, (1998).
 
[4]    www.epa.gov/air/urbanair
 
[5]    Yao, M., Zheng, Z.h., and Liu, H., "Progress and Recent Trends in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engines", Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Vol. 35, No. 5, pp. 398-437, (2009).
 
[6]    Stanglmaier, R.H., and Roberts, C.E., "Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI): Benefits", Compromises and Future Engine Applications, SAE Technical Paper, 1999-01-3682, (1999).
 
[7]    Gan, S., Ng, H.K., and Pang, K.M., "Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Combustion", Implementation and Effects on Pollutants in Direct Injection Diesel Engines Applied Energy, Vol. 88, No. 3, pp. 559–567, (2011).
 
[8]    Kimura, S., Aoki, O., Ogawa, H., Muranaka, Sh., and Enomoto, Y., "New Combustion Concept for Ultra-clean and High-efficiency Small DI Diesel Engines", SAE Technical Paper, 1999-01-3681, (1999).
 
[9]    Ogink, R., and Golovitchev, V., "Gasoline HCCI Modeling: Computer Program Combining Detailed Chemistry and Gas Exchange Process", SAE, Vol. 3614, pp. 2001-2001, (2001).
 
[10]    Zhao, H., Peng, Z., and Ladommatos, N., "Understanding of Controlled Auto Ignition Combustion in Four-stroke Gasoline Engine. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Vol. 215, Part D, pp. 1297–1310, (2001).
 
[11]    Stanglmaier, R. H., and Roberts, C. E., "Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI): Benefits", Compromises and Future Engine Applications. SAE Technical Paper, No. 1999-01-3682.
 
[12]    Fiveland, S. B., Agma, R., Christensen, M.,  Johansson, B., Hilters, J., Maus, F., and Assanis, D.N.,  "Experimental and Simulated Results Detailing the Sensitivity of Natural Gas HCCI Engines to Fuel Composition", SAE Technical Paper, No. 2001-01-3609, (2001).
 
[13]    Hanjalic, K., Popovac, M., and Hadziabdic, M., “A Robust Near-wall Elliptic Relaxation Eddy-viscosity Turbulence Model for CFD”, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, Vol. 25, pp. 1047–1051, (2004).
 
[14]    Durbin, P., “Near-wall Turbulence Closure Modeling without Damping Functions”, Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 3, pp. 1–13, (1991).
 
[15]    Colin, O., and Benkenida, A., “The 3-Zones Extended Coherent Flame Model (ECFM3Z) for Computing Premixed/Diffusion Combustion”, Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Rev. IFP, Vol. 59, No. 6, pp. 593-609, (2004).
 
[16]    Merker, G. P., Schwarz, C., Stiesch, G., and Otto, F., "Simulating Combustion: Simulation of Combustion and Pollutant Formation for Engine-development", Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, (2006).
 
[17]    Help Document of CFD AVL FIRE Software, Part: "Evaporation".
 
[18]    Zhang, Y., Kong, S., and Reitz, R., "Modeling and Simulation of a Dual Fuel (Diesel/Natural Gas) Engine with Multidimensional CFD", SAE Technical Paper 2003-01-0755, 2003, doi: 10.4271/2003-01-0755.
 
[19]    Minetti, R., Carliner, M., Therssen, E., and Sochet, L.R., "A Rapid Compression Machine Investigation of Oxidation and Auto-ignition of n-heptane", Measurements and Modeling, Combust Flame, Vol. 102, No. 3, pp. 298–309, (1995).
 
[20]    Pekalski, A.A., Zerenberg, J.F., Pasman H.J., Lemkowitz, M., Dahoe, A.E., and Scarlett, B., "The Relation of Cool Flames and Auto-ignition Phenomena to‌ Process Safety at Elevated Pressure and Temperature", J. Hazard Mater, Vol. 93, pp. 93–105, (2002).
 
[21]    Xingcai, L., Yuchun, H., Libin, J., and Zhen, H., "Heat Release Analysis on Combustion and Parametric Study on Emissions of HCCI Engines Fuelled with 2-Propanol/n-heptanes Blend Fuels", Energy Fuels, Vol.  20, pp. 1870–1878, (2006).
 
[22]    Hernandez, J.J., Sanz-argent, J., Benajes, J., and Molina, S., "Selection of a Diesel Fuel Surrogate for the Prediction of Auto-ignition under HCCI Engine Conditions", International Journal of Fuel, Vol. 87, pp. 655–665, (2008).
[23]    Yoshiaki, N., Yasuo, A., and Aoyagi, Y., "Premixed Lean Diesel Combustion (PREDIC) using Impingement Spray System", SAE Paper, No. 2001-01-1892, New ACE Institute Co, Ltd.
 
[24]    Papagiannakis, R. G., and Hountalas, D.T., “Combustion and Exhaust Emission Characteristics of a Dual Fuel Compression Ignition Engine Operated with Pilot Diesel Fuel and Natural Gas”, Energy Conversion and Management. Vol. 45. pp. 2971-2987, (2004).
 
[25]    www.dieselnet.com
Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME
Volume 16, Issue 4 - Serial Number 37
Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer
Winter 2015
Pages 55-80

  • Receive Date 20 February 2015