Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME

Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME

Experimental study of the effect of surface changes to reduce drag in a triangular array heat exchanger

Authors
Ali Najaf Khani
Mehdi Zaki Zade
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of surface changes to reduce the drag coefficient in a triangular array heat exchanger. Experiments were carried out in an open-circuit wind tunnel. The range of distance to diameter is between 2 to 4 and the Reynolds number is between 5.2×104 to 6.9×104. The diameter and length of the tubes are 41.5 mm and 42 cm, respectively. Tubes are made of copper. On each tube, 10 holes were created from zero to 180 degrees. The outer diameter of each hole is 3 millimeters.Shark skin is used as a surface accelerator. In these experiments, the effect of increasing the space ratio is studied. The results show that the coefficient of drag force decreases 14.5 to 25.4 percent for tube with shark skin. The greatest reduction in the drag coefficient is in Reynolds number 69920 and in the ratio of distance to diameter 2.
Keywords
Drag coefficient
pressure coefficient
shark skin
heat exchanger
triangular arrangement

Subjects

[1]   Walsh, M. J., “Riblets as Viscous Drag Reduction Technique”, The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, Vol. 21, pp. 485-486, (1983).
 
[2]   Bechert, D. W., Bruse, M., Hage, W., Vanderhoeven, J., and Hoppe, G., “Experiments on Drag-reducing Surfaces and their Optimization with an Adjustable Geometry”, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 338, pp. 59–87, (1997).
 
[3]   Han, X., Zhang, D. Y., Li, X., and Li, Y. Y., “Bio-replicated Forming of the Biomimetic Drag-reducing Surfaces in Large Area Based on Shark Skin”,Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol. 53, pp. 1587–1592, (2008).
[4]   Zhang, D. Y., Luo, Y. H., Li, X., and Chen, H. W., “Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Drag-reducing Surface of a Real Shark Skin”, Journal of Hydrodynamics, Vol. 23, pp. 204–211, (2011).
 
[5]   Zhang, D. Y., Li, Y. Y., Han, X., and Li, X., “High-precision Bio-replication of Synthetic Drag Reduction Shark Skin”, Chinese Science Bulletin, Vol. 56, pp. 938-944, (2011).
 
[6]   Zhang, D. Y., Luo, Y. H., Chen, H. W., and Jiang, X. G., “Exploring Drag-reducing Grooved Internal Coating for Gas Pipelines”, Pipeline Gas Journal, Vol. 238, pp. 58–61, (2011).
 
[7]  Leonardo, P. Ch., Arndt, R. E. A., and Sotiropoulos, F., “Drag Reduction of Large Wind Turbine Blades through Riblets: Evaluation of Riblet Geometry and Application Strategies”, Renewable Energy, Vol. 50, pp. 1095-1105, (2013).
 
[8]   Martin, S., and Bhushan, B., “Modeling and Optimization of Shark-inspired Riblet Geometries for Low Drag Applications”, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 474, pp. 206–215, (2016).
 
[9]   Luo, Y. H., and Zhang, D. Y., “Investigation on Fabricating Continuous Vivid Sharkskin Surface by Bio-replicated Rolling Method”, Applied Surface Science, Vol. 282, pp. 370-375, (2013).
 
[10] Pan, J. F., Chen, H. W., Zhang, D. Y., Zhang, X., Yuan, L. M., and Li, A. B., “Large-scale Solvent-swelling-based Amplification of Micro Structured Sharkskin”, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, Vol. 23, No. 07, (2013).
 
[11] Wen, L., Weaver, J. C., and Lauder, G. V., “Biomimetic Shark Skin: Design, Fabrication and Hydrodynamic Function”,Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 217, pp. 1656-1666, (2014).
 
 [12] Luo, Y. H., Liu, Y. F., and Zhang, D. Y., “Influence of Morphology for Drag Reduction Effect of Sharkskin Surface”, Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 14, No. 02, (2014).
 
[13] Chen, H. W., Rao, F. G., Shang, X. P., Zhang, D. Y., and Hagiwara, I., “Flow over Bio-inspired 3D Herringbone Wall Riblets”, Experiments in Fluids, Vol. 55, No. 03, (2014).
 
[14] Luo, Y., Yuan, L., Li, J., and Wang, J., “Boundary Layer Drag Reduction Research Hypotheses Derived from Bio-inspired Surface and Recent Advanced Applications”, Micron Journal, Vol. 79, pp. 59-73, (2015).
 
[15] Fu, Y.F., Yuan, C.Q., and Bai, X.Q., “Marine Drag Reduction of Shark Skin Inspired Riblet Surfaces”, Biosurface and Biotribology, Vol. 3, pp. 11-24, (2017).
 
[16] Lam, K., and Cheung, W. C., “Phenomena of Vortex Shedding and Flow Interference of Three Cylinders in Different Equilateral Arrangements”, J. Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 196, pp. 1–26, (1988).
[17] Tatsuno, M., Amamoto, H., and Ishi, I. K., “Effects of Interference Among Three Equidistantly Arranged Cylinders in a Uniform Flow”, Fluid Dynamics Research, Vol. 22, pp. 297–315, (1998).
 
[18] Zhifu, G., and Tianfeng, S., “Classifications of Flow Pattern on Three Circular Cylinders in Equilateral-triangular Arrangements”, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 89, pp. 553–568, (2001).
 
[19] Pouryoussefi, S. G., Mirzaei, M., and Pouryoussefi, S. M.,“Force Coefficients and Strouhal Numbers of Three Circular Cylinders Subjected to a Cross-flow”, Archive of Applied Mechanics, Vol. 81, pp. 1725–1741, (2011).
 
[20] M.A.Lavasani, A., Bayat, H., and Maarefdoost, T.,“Experimental Study of Convective Heat Transfer from In-line Cam Shaped Tube Bank in Crossflow”, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 50, pp. 2605–2611, (2014).
 
[21] Zhou, B., Wang, X., and Guo, W., “Experimental Measurements of the Drag Force and the Near-wake Flow Patterns of a Longitudinally Grooved Cylinder”, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, Vol. 145, pp. 30–41, (2015).
Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME
Volume 20, Issue 4 - Serial Number 53
Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer
Winter 2019
Pages 137-153

  • Receive Date 05 March 2018
  • Revise Date 02 July 2018
  • Accept Date 10 March 2019