Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME

Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME

Finite Element Analysis of Longitudinal and Transverse Semi-elliptical Cracks in Composite CNG Cylindrical Tanks with Metal Lining under Internal Pressure and Thermal Loading

Authors
Mohammad Salari 1
Zeynab Lotfimanesh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Engineering Faculty, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2 MSc Graduated Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Engineering Faculty, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
10.30506/ijmep.2025.2053723.2006
Abstract
Crack formation and propagation is one of the important factors in the failure of engineering components, which can cause great financial and human losses. Therefore, it is very necessary to investigate and study the cracks in structures under load. In this paper, a semi-elliptical crack in composite CNG pressure tanks with a metal liner is investigated. The tank under study is a type III CNG pressure tank. In this tank, whose composite coating is made of Boron/epoxy, Kevlar/epoxy, and carbon/epoxy; longitudinal and transverse internal cracks as well as external cracks have been investigated. The results show that the crack geometry has a great influence on the stress intensity factor. The internal longitudinal semi-elliptical crack is the most critical crack and when this crack is located next to the external transverse crack, it becomes more critical and the stress intensity factor in the internal longitudinal semi-elliptical crack increases. The Boron/epoxy composite has a greater resistance to increased internal pressure and increasing the number of composite layers increases the crack stress intensity factor. Also, in a tank with Boron/epoxy coating, an angle of 40 to 45 degrees to the longitudinal and transverse cracks is the best position for fiber placement. If this angle is greater or less, the stress intensity factor increases.
Keywords
CNG tank
Semi elliptical surface crack
Stress intensity factor
Composite
Finite element analysis

Subjects

[1] B. Doostvandi, A. Zeinedini, “Repair of Inclined Notches in the Pressurized Steel Pipes using Laminated Composites,” Material Design & Processing Communications, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 1-5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/mdp2.49.

 
[2] T.L. Anderson, “Fracture Mechanics, Fundamentals and Applications”, Third Edition (3rd ed.), Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420058215.
 
[3] D. Broek, “Elementary EngineeringS Fracture Mechanics,” Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague, 1st Edition, 1982, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4333-9.
 
[4] A. Aghamoradi, and A. Rajaie rad, “An overview of the manufacturing process of various types of CNG tanks”, The Second International Conference on the Application of Materials and Advanced Manufacturing in Industries, Document National Code: IAAMM02, 20-21 July 2022, Iran University of Science and Technology, Teharn, Iran, [In Persian], https://civilica.com/doc/1493524.  
 
[5] A. R. Shahani, and M. M. Kheirikhah, “Stress Intensity Factor Calculation of Steel-lined Hoop-wrapped Cylinders with Internal Semi-elliptical Circumferential Crack,” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 74, pp. 2004-13, 2007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.10.014.
 
[6] J. Chen, and H. Pan, “Stress Intensity Factor of Semi-elliptical Surface Crack in a Cylinder with Hoop Wrapped Composite Layer”, International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 110, pp. 77-81, 2013, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpvp.2013.04.026.
 
[7] P. Livieri, and F. Segala, “Stress Intensity Factors for Embedded Elliptical Cracks in Cylindrical and Spherical Vessels”, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 86, pp. 260-6, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2016.07.009.
 
[8] G. Ai, and Y. H. Liu, “Effect of the Joule-thomson Cooling on the Leak-Before-Break Approach”, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 130, pp. 1343-58, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.12.304.
 
[9] M. Fakoor, S. M. N. Ghoreishi, and N. Mehri Khansari, “Investigation of Composite Coating Effectiveness on Stress Intensity Factors of Cracked Composite Pressure Vessels,” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 30, pp. 3119-26, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-016-0621-8.
 
[10] S. Qaderian, and A. Gorbanpour Arani, “Investigation and Analysis of Cracks Created on Thin-walled Tanks under Pressure Containing Fluid using Abaqus Software,” 14th National Conference on Construction and Production Engineering of Iran, Document National Code: ICME14, 24 October 2017, Arak, Iran, [In Persian], https://civilica.com/doc/713594/. S.
 
[11] M. Heidari-Rarani, and M. Ahmadi-Jebeli, “Finite Element Modeling of Failure in IV Type Composite Pressure Vessel using WCM Plug-in in ABAQUS Software,” Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 18, pp. 191-200, 2018, [In Persian], DOR: 20.1001.1.10275940.1397.18.4.31.4.
 
[12] Y. Borse, and A. Sharma, “Modelling of Pressure Vessels with Different End Connections using Pro Mechanica,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 1493-1497, 2012, https://www.ijera.com/papers/Vol2_issue3/IY2314931497.pdf.
 
[13] K. Drazan, S. Ivan, S. Antun, I. Zeljko, and D. Darko, “Stress Analyses of Cylindrical Vessel with Changeable Head Geometry”, Scientific Bulletin Series C: Fascicle Mechanics, Tribology, Machine Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 23, pp. 93-104, 2009,
https://www.proquest.com/docview/880041319/CBC1445A540445ECPQ/1?accountid=34283&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals.
 
[14] A. J. Modi, and C.S. Jadav, “Structural Analysis of Different Geometry Heads for Pressure Vessel using Ansys Multiphysiscs,” The 5th International Conference on Advance in Mechanical Engineering, 2011, https://conferencealerts.com/show-event?id=ca1i8hhs.
[15] N. Habibi, and R. Moradikhah, “Calculation of Stress Intensity Factor for Cylindrical Tanks with Semi-elliptical Cracks under Internal Pressure,” The Second National Conference on Oil, Gas, Petrochemicals and Sustainable Development, Document National Code: OGPCONF02, 19 March 2016, Mehr Arvand Higher Education Institute, Teharn, Iran, [In Persian], https://civilica.com/doc/474976/.
 
[16] U. Guven, “A Comparison on Failure Pressures of Cylindrical Pressure Vessels, Mechanics Research Communications,” Vol. 34, pp. 466-471, 2007, doi:10.1016/j.mechrescom.2007.05.001.
 
[17] P. Balicevic, D. Kozak, and T. Mrcela, “Strength of Pressure Vessels with Ellipsoidal Heads,” Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 54, No. 10, pp. 685-692, 2008.
 
[18] S.K., Raparla, T. Seshaiah, “Design and Analysis of Multilayer High Pressure Vesssels,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, pp. 355-361, 2021, ISSN: 2544-0780e-ISSN: 2544-1671.
 
[19] D. Cohen, Y.T. Toombes, A.K. Johnson, and M.F. Hansen, “Pressurized Ring Test for Composite Pressure Vessel Hoop Strength and Stiffness Evaluation,” Journal of Composites Technology & Research, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 331-340, 1995, https://doi.org/10.1520/CTR10453J.
 
[20] R. Karim Dadashi, M. A. Mohtadi, and H. R. Qayedi, “Fracture Mechanics,” 1st Edition, Tehran, Iran, Nashre Atran, [In Persian], 2018.
 
[21] A. A. Masoumi, Gh. H. Rahimi Sharbaf Moghadas, and Gh. H. Liyaghat, “Transient Heat Transfer Analysis in Composite Metal Cylindrical Vessel using the Layerwise Theory and Differential Quadrature Method”, Journal of Science and Technology of Composites, [In Persian], Vol. 4, pp. 347-58, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/251736/en.
 
[22] O. Ayakdaş, L. Aydın, M. Savran, N. Küçükdoğan, and S. Öztürk, “Optimal Design of the Type III Hydrogen Storage Tank for Different Carbon/Epoxy Materials by Modified Differential Evolution Method”, Research on Engineering Structures and Materials, Vol. 5, pp. 189-201, 2019, http://dx.doi.org/10.17515/resm2019.65is0909.
 
[23] M. H. Kayhani, M. Shariati, M. Norouzi, “An Analytical Solution of Steady State Conductive Heat Transfer in Cylindrical Composite Laminates,” Modares Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 9, pp. 135-52, 2009, [In Persian], DOR: 20.1001.1.10275940.1388.9.1.13.7.
 
[24] P. Karthikeyan, R. Gobinath, L. Ajith Kumar, and D. Xavier Jenish, “Design and Analysis of Drive Shaft using Kevlar/Epoxy and Glass/Epoxy as a Composite Material,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Sathyabama University, Chennai, India: IOP Publishing, pp. 012048, 2017, DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/197/1/012048.
 
[25] A. Naraki, and P. Ghabezi, “Analysis of Thick-walled Composite Cylindrical Pressure Vessels under the Effect of Cyclic Internal Pressure and Cyclic Temperature,” Journal of Solid and Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 3, pp. 15-32, 2013, [In Persian],  DOI: 10.22044/jsfm.2013.172.

  • Receive Date 26 February 2025
  • Revise Date 03 May 2025
  • Accept Date 03 June 2025